The Governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), Yemi Cardoso, says an estimated $40 billion is spent of foreign education and medical tourism by Nigerians which is an equivalent of Nigeria’s foreign reserve
He also says that the value of the Naira is determined by the availability of foreign exchange.
Cardoso said this on Tuesday in Abuja while addressing the House of Representatives on Naira depreciation and the instability in the foreign exchange market.
According to him, the exchange rate is determined by the dynamics of supply and demand for a product or service similar to the pricing of cows or cars.
“The value of the dollar in Nigeria is determined by the balance of dollars entering the country and the demand for dollars among Nigerians.
“The exchange rate in Nigeria has increased due to the simultaneous occurrence of two factors: a decline in the supply of dollars coinciding with a surge in the demand for dollars,” he said.
BRANDPOWER reports that the CBN Governor said that the growing number of Nigerian students studying abroad was also a major contributor to forex scarcity and depreciation of the Naira.
“In the 1980s and 1990s, the need for US dollars for their living expenses was minimal. However, recent data shows a significant change.
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“According to UNESCO’s Institute of Statistics, the number of Nigerian students abroad increased from less than 15,000 in 1998 to over 71,000 in 2015.
“By 2018, this figure, according to a World Bank report, had reached 96,702 students. Another report projects the number of Nigerian students studying abroad to exceed 100,000 by 2022.
“Additionally, the UK’s Higher Education Statistic Agency noted a 64 per cent increase in Nigerian students studying in the country, rising from 13,020 in the 2019/2020 academic session to 21,305 by the 2020/2021 session,” he said.
He said that between 2010 and 2020, foreign education expenses amounted to a substantial 28.65 billion dollars.
“Medical treatment abroad has also incurred around 11.01 billion dollars in costs during the same period.
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“Consequently, over the past decade, foreign exchange demand for education and healthcare has totaled nearly 40 billion dollars.
“This amount surpasses the total current foreign exchange reserves of the CBN. Mitigating a significant portion of this demand could have resulted in a considerably stronger Naira today,” he said.
He said that Personal Travel Allowances have also accounted for a total of 58.7 billion dollars during the same period.
According to him, between January and September 2019, the CBN disbursed 9.01 billion dollars to Nigerians for personal foreign travel.
He said that Nigeria’s annual imports, which require dollars for payment, amounted to 16.65 billion dollars in 1980.
“By 2014, the annual import expenditure had significantly surged to 67.05 billion dollars, although it gradually decreased to 54.71 billion dollars as of 2023.
“Similarly, food imports escalated from 2.63 billion dollars in 1980 to 14.84 billion dollars in 2019,” he said.
Cardoso said that over the past 12 years, oil exports, constituting over 90 percent of our foreign exchange earnings, have declined from 93.89 billion dollars in 2011 to 31.4 billion dollars in 2020.
“The genuine issue impacting the exchange rate is the simultaneous decrease in the supply of, and increase in the demand for, dollars.
“It also seems that the task of stabilising the exchange rate, while an official mandate of the CBN, would necessitate efforts beyond the apex bank itself and indeed to an attitudinal change of all our citizens,” he said.
Cardoso assured that the management team of the CBN was dedicated to refocusing the apex bank by giving primacy to price stability.
He said that the team also aimed to build confidence in the Nigerian economy through the maintenance of stability in consumer prices and the foreign exchange market.
“We are aware that the twin challenges of inflation and exchange rate depreciation on our economy are daunting, however, they are not insurmountable.
“Monetary policy actions are sometimes inhibited by transmission lags, nonetheless, it is expected that the policy measures implemented by the CBN will permeate the economy in the short- to medium-term.
“Inflation pressures may persist, albeit temporarily, but are expected to moderate significantly by fourth quarter of 2024.
“Exchange rate pressures are also expected to reduce with the smooth functioning of the foreign exchange market.
“We are committed to implementing policies that will ensure a stable macroeconomic environment and guarantee improved livelihoods for all Nigerians,” he said.
Sabotage
The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has has also pledged to deal decisively with any bank found sabotaging monetary policies or guilty of unauthorised withdrawals from customer accounts.
The Governor of the apex bank, Mr Olayemi Cardoso made the pledge on Tuesday while briefing members of the House of Representatives in Abuja.
According to him, some departments in the CBN are being strengthened to carry out greater surveillance and over sight.
He said that alleged indiscriminate charges and withdrawals from customers accounts shall be investigated upon reports and dealt with decisively.
“I want to assure you that I have no reluctance to wielding the big stick, this is the time when people and entities that we regulate must comply, we must do the right thing.
“We will stop at nothing in wilding the big stick or hammer in ensuring that the do the right thing for the benefit of Nigerians,” he said.
According to him, if invested, we will come down on any bank found wanting;
The CBN boss explained that the redeployment of some members of staff and some departments to Lagos state was for efficiency, save cost and not for political reasons as peddle in some quarters.
He said that it was only wise to move the Banking Supervision Department to Lagos state where all the banks have their headquarters for easy and efficient monitoring.
He said that the transfer was a tool to balance the bank’s skills across its offices nationwide to ensure accurate data generation and response to monetary issues.
On the weakening of the Naira, Cardoso stressed the need for attitudinal change that will benefit local economy by patronising local production.
He said that an estimated N$40 billion is spent of education and medical toursim by Nigerians which is an equivalent of Nigeria’s foreign reserve.
He urged Nigerians to patronise local content to strengthen the Naira against the dollar and stabilise the economy.
